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In April 2015 a formal decommunization process started in Ukraine after laws were approved that outlawed communist and Soviet symbols. On 15 May 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a set of laws that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments (excluding World War II monuments) and renaming of public places named after communist-related themes.〔 This will result in 22 cities and 44 villages getting new names.〔 Until 21 November 2015 municipal governments can do this;〔 if this does not happen, then the provincial authorities have until 21 May 2016 to change the names.〔 If by that date the settlement will have retained its old name the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine will assign a new name to the settlement.〔 (Komsomolsk in any case be renamed ), depo.ua (1 October 2015)〕 Violation of the law carries a penalty of a potential media ban and prison sentences to five years.〔(Ukraine lawmakers ban 'Communist and Nazi propaganda' ), Deutsche Welle (9 April 2015)〕〔(New laws in Ukraine potential threat to free expression and free media, OSCE Representative says ), OSCE, (18 May 2015)〕 On 24 July 2015 the Ukrainian Interior Ministry stripped the Communist Party of Ukraine, Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) and Communist Party of Workers and Peasants of their right to participate in elections and it stated it was continuing the court actions (that started in July 2014) to end the registration of Ukraine’s communist parties.〔 ==History== Decommunization laws were drafted in the Ukrainian parliament in 2002, 2005, 2009, 2011 and 2013, but they all failed to materialize.〔(Ukrainian PM leads charge to erase Soviet history ), Politico (27 April 2015)〕 During and after Euromaidan, starting with the fall of the monument to Lenin in Kiev on 8 December 2013, several Lenin monuments and statues were removed/destroyed by protesters.〔 In April 2014, a year before the formal, nationwide decommunization process in Ukraine local authorities removed and altered communist symbols and place names, in for example Dnipropetrovsk (see photo). On 9 April 2015 the Ukrainian parliament passed legislation on decommunization. It submitted by the Second Yatsenyuk Government, banning the promotion of symbols of “Communist and National Socialist totalitarian regimes”. One of the main provisions of the bill was the recognition of the Soviet Union was "criminal" and one that it "pursued a state terror policy".〔 The legislation prohibits the use of Communist symbols and propaganda and also bans all symbols and propaganda of national-socialism and its values and any activities of Nazi or fascist groups in Ukraine.〔 The ban applies to monuments, place and street names.〔 The ban does not apply to World War II monuments and when symbols are located in a cemetery.〔〔 Expressing pro-communist views was not made illegal.〔 The ban on communists symbols will result in the removement of hundreds of statues, the replacement of millions of street signs and the renaming of populated places including some of Ukraine's biggest cities like Dnipropetrovsk, and the oblasts of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad.〔 The city administration of Dnipropetrovsk estimated early June 2015 that 80 streets, embankments, squares, and boulevards would have to be renamed.〔(Ukraine's Dnipropetrovsk Digs In To Complex Decommunization Process ), Radio Free Europe (11 June 2015)〕 Maxim Eristavi of Hromadske.TV estimated late April 2015 that the nationwide renaming would cost around $1.5 billion (€1.38 billion).〔 The legislation also granted special legal status to veterans of the “struggle for Ukrainian independence” from 1917 to 1991 (the lifespan of the Soviet Union).〔 The same day the parliament also passed a law that replaced the term "Great Patriotic War" in the national lexicon with "World War II" from 1939 to 1945,〔〔(Ukraine's plans to discard Soviet symbols are seen as divisive, ill-timed ), LA Times, 13 May 2015〕 a change of great significance since during the initial part of World War II the USSR was in a pact with Germany and invaded six countries in coordination with its Nazi co-aggressor. On 15 May 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed the Decommunisation Laws.〔(Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization ). Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015 (Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes ), Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 2015〕 This started a six months period for the removal of communist monuments and renaming of public places named after communist related themes.〔 The laws Poroshenko signed on 15 May 2015 include four legislation acts: *"About condemnation of Communist and National-Socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and ban on propaganda of their symbols"〔 *"About access to archives of repressive agencies of the Communist totalitarian regime 1917–1991"〔 *"About perpetuation of victory over the Nazism in the World War II 1939–1945"〔 *"About legal status and honoring the memory of fighter for independence of Ukraine in the 20th century"〔 The laws were published in Holos Ukrayiny on 20 May 2015; this made them come into force officially the next day.〔 (Laws discommunization and status OUN and UPA published in "Holos Ukrayiny" ), Ukrayinska Pravda (20 May 2015)〕 On 3 June 2015 the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory published a list of 22 cities and 44 villages subject to renaming.〔 By far most of these places were in the Donbass region in East Ukraine; the others were situated in Central Ukraine and South Ukraine.〔 (In Ukraine rename 22 cities and 44 villages ), Ukrayinska Pravda (4 June 2015)〕 Under the ''Decommunisation Laws'' the municipal governments have until 21 November 2015 to change the name of the settlement they govern.〔 If this does not happen, then the provincial authorities have until 21 May 2016 to change the name.〔 If by that date the settlement will have retained its old name the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine will assign a new name to the settlement.〔 In a 24 July 2015 decree based on the decommunization laws the Ukrainian Interior Ministry stripped the Communist Party of Ukraine, Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) and Communist Party of Workers and Peasants of their right to participate in elections on and it stated it was continuing the court actions (that started in July 2014) to end the registration of Ukraine’s communist parties.〔(Ukraine's Justice Ministry outlaws Communists from elections ), Kyiv Post, (24 July 2015) (Justice Ministry bans three communist parties from taking part in election process as they violate Ukrainian law - minister ), Interfax-Ukraine, (24 July 2015)〕 In October 2015, a statue of Lenin in Odessa was converted into a statue of ''Star Wars'' villain Darth Vader. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Decommunization in Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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